Claude Monet (1840-1926) 3

Claude Monet (1840–1926)
클로드 오스카 모네 (1840~1926)

클로드 모네는 다섯 살 때인 1845년부터 센강 하류에 위치한 항구 도시인 노르망디(Normandy) 르아브르(Le Havre)에서 살았습니다. 그리고 그곳에서 미술을 처음 배우기 시작했죠. 모네가 외젠 부댕(Eugène Boudin)을 만나서 미술에 대해 많은 것을 배우게 된 곳도 르아브르였죠.

노르망디 해변과 센강을 바라보며 자라고, 그림을 그렸던 모네가 물이 있는 풍경을 좋아하고, 물에 비치는 빛에 매혹된 것은 자연스러웠을 겁니다.

알제리(Algeria)에 간 기간을 빼면, 1858년 부터는 파리에서 공부를 하고 활동을 하였지만, 야외에서 그림을 그리던 모네의 마음에는 자연과 물에 대한 동경이 있지 않았을까 생각됩니다.

센(Seine) 강을 좋아했던 모네는, 이후 1871년부터 1877년까지는 아르장퇴유(Argenteuil), 1878년부터 1881년까지는 베테이유(Véteuil), 1881년에는 푸아시(Poissy) 등 이사를 다니면서도 모두 센 강을 끼고 있는 마을에서 살았습니다. 이사를 한 목적이 단지 센 강을 좋아해서는 아니었겠지만, 그래도 영향을 미치지 않았을까 생각됩니다. 특히, 1883년 4월에는 기차를 타고 가다가 노르망디에 있는 지베르니(Giverny)가 창문 밖으로 눈에 띄게 되고, 이후 지베르니에서 생을 마칠 때까지 살았습니다.
 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), View At Rouelles, Le Havre, 1858, oil on canvas, 46 × 65 cm, Khanenko Museum, Kyiv, Ukraine

Claude Monet (1840–1926), View At Rouelles, Le Havre, 1858, oil on canvas, 46 × 65 cm, Khanenko Museum, Kyiv, Ukraine

Claude Monet (1840–1926), View At Rouelles, Le Havre, 1858, oil on canvas, 46 × 65 cm, Khanenko Museum, Kyiv, Ukraine
1858년 경 그는 풍경화가인 외젠 부댕(Eugène Boudin, 1824-1898)을 만납니다. 당시 모네는 풍자만화를 그리고 있었는데, 그의 재능을 알아본 외젠 부댕은 모네를 제자로 삼고 싶어했죠. 부댕은 제자들에게 밖에서 직접 관찰하면서 그리는 그림을 강조하였습니다. 부댕에게 배운 것은 이후 모네의 그림에 있어서 중요한 특징을 만듭니다.

르아브르 루엘 풍경(View At Rouelles, Le Havre, 1858)에서 보듯이 아직은 인상주의 색채는 나지 않지만요.

르아브르 루엘 풍경은 파란 하늘과 자연이 사실적으로 그리고 있으며, 보는 사람의 마음을 편안하게 해줍니다.

 

 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), The Magpie, 1868-1869, oil on canvas, h 89 x w 130 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France

Claude Monet (1840–1926), The Magpie, 1868-1869, oil on canvas, h 89 x w 130 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France

 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Impression, Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas, 48 x 63 cm, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Impression, Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas, 48 x 63 cm, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Impression, Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas, 48 x 63 cm, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
'인상, 해돋이'는 프랑스 북서부 노르망디 지역의 르아브르 항구의 모습을 담고 있습니다. 화면 중간에 앞에서 뒤로 세 척의 고깃배가 있고, 그 뒤로 자욱한 안개 속의 희미한 모습들이 보이죠.

이 무렵 모네의 그림은 인상주의의 모습을 갖추게 되었고, 뚜렷한 윤곽보다 색채에 더 집중을 합니다. 그러다 보니, 윤곽이 희미하게 사라지고 색채만 남는 안개에 뒤덮힌 곳은 모네에게는 그림을 그리기 좋은 배경이 되었던 것 같습니다.
그림은 정교한 묘사나 두터운 색칠을 통해 항구의 모습을 강조하기 보다 해 뜨는 순간 보이는 인상을 순간적으로 포착하였습니다. 그림 화일로 보면 잘 모르지만, 실제 작품을 보면 캔버스 천이 드러나 보일 정도로 얇게 채색되어 있다고 합니다.

 

 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), The Rue Montorgueil in Paris. Celebration of June 30, 1878, oil on canvas, h 81 cm x w 50 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

Claude Monet (1840–1926), The Rue Montorgueil in Paris. Celebration of June 30, 1878, oil on canvas, h 81 cm x w 50 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), 라바쿠르의 일몰, 겨울의 효과 (Soleil couchant sur la seine à Lavacourt, effet d'hiver), 1880, oil on canvas, 135 x 186 cm, Petit Palais (Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris)

Claude Monet (1840–1926), 라바쿠르의 일몰, 겨울의 효과 (Soleil couchant sur la seine à Lavacourt, effet d'hiver), 1880, oil on canvas, 135 x 186 cm, Petit Palais (Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris)

Claude Monet (1840–1926), 라바쿠르의 일몰, 겨울의 효과 (Soleil couchant sur la seine à Lavacourt, effet d'hiver), 1880, oil on canvas, 135 x 186 cm, Petit Palais (Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris)
라바쿠르의 모습을 담고 있다고는 하지만, 마을의 풍경은 거의 묘사되지 않습니다. 모네의 다른 작품들에서도 그렇듯이. 대신 색채와 빛으로 표현을 하고 있죠. 마을 보다는 물과 안개, 그리고 분위기를 잘 보여주고 있습니다. 또한, 화면 중앙에 그려진 오렌지 색의 태양과 물에 비치는 주황색 빛은 1872년의 인상, 해돋이를 연상시키기도 합니다.
 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), 눈 덮인 라바쿠르(Lavacourt under Snow; Coucher de soleil sur la neige à Lavacourt), 1881, 캔버스에 유채(oil on canvas), 59.7 x 80.6 cm, Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane, Dublin

하얗게 눈에 덮인 듯 보이지만, 빛의 움직임을 살피던 모네에게는 하얀 듯 하지만 다양한 색채를 머금고 있는 눈의 모습을 인상적으로 표현하고 있습니다. 모네 스스로도 그렇게 느꼈었겠죠? 외광회화(外光繪畵)를 기본으로 하다보니 추웠을 텐데도, 모네는 이 그림을 포함해서 설경을 배경으로 여러 점의 작품을 남겼습니다.

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Road at La Cavée, Pourville, 1882, oil on canvas, h 60.3 cm x w 81.6 cm, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Boston, USA

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Road at La Cavée, Pourville, 1882, oil on canvas, h 60.3 cm x w 81.6 cm, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Boston, USA

 

 

Claude Monet (1840-1926), Port-Goulphar, Belle-Île, 1887, oil on canvas, 107 x 91.6 cm, Art Gallery of New South Wales

Claude Monet (1840-1926), Port-Goulphar, Belle-Île, 1887, oil on canvas, 107 x 91.6 cm, Art Gallery of New South Wales

 

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Waterloo Bridge, 1901, Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley, Massachusetts (W.1575)

Claude Monet (1840–1926), Waterloo Bridge, 1901, Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley, Massachusetts (W.1575)
 
Claude Monet (1840-1926) 3
https://nowgnoy.tistory.com/5514

Claude Monet (1840-1926) 2
https://nowgnoy.tistory.com/4965

Claude Monet (1840-1926)  1
https://nowgnoy.tistory.com/4725