Camille Pissarro (1830–1903)

Camille Pissarro (1830–1903)
카미유 피사로

카미유 피사로(Camille Pissarro, 1830-1903)는 덴마크-프랑스의 인상주의(Impressionist) 및 신인상주의(Neo-Impressionist) 화가입니다. 

피사로는 사실주의 귀스타브 쿠르베(Gustave Courbet, 1819-1877), 신고전주의 장 밥티스트 카미유 코로(Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, 1796-1875) 등 앞서 활동한 다양한 작가들의 작품을 연구하였고, 후에는 신인상주의 조르주 쇠라(Georges Seurat, 1859-1891), 폴 시냑(Paul Signac, 1863-1935) 등의 영향도 받습니다.

피사로는 인상주의(Impressionism)와 후기인상주의(Post-Impressionism) 양쪽에 기여한 점에서 미술사에 중요한 위치에 있습니다.

1874년에 시작되어 1886년까지 개최된 8번의 파리 인상파 전시회(Paris Impressionist exhibitions)에 모두 참여한 유일한 화가로 인상주의 화가들과 후기인상주의 화가들한테 아버지 같은 존재였다고 합니다.

그러다 보니, 시기별로 그의 작품은 다른 화풍을 보입니다. 인상파 특유의 작품을 보이기도 하고, 쇠라의 영향을 받아 점묘법 적인 특징을 보이기도 합니다.
 
피사로는 1884년 가족들을 데리고 프랑스 에라니(Éragny-sur-Epte)라는 마을로 이사를 가서 계속 그곳에서 살았습니다. 

살면서 에라니에서 농촌과 농민들의 모습을 많이 그렸죠.

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Peasants' houses, Eragny, 1887, oil on canvas, 83 x 96.6 cm, Art Gallery of New South Wales

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Peasants' houses, Eragny, 1887, oil on canvas, 83 x 96.6 cm, Art Gallery of New South Wales

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), 에라니의 건초만들기(La Récolte des Foins, Eragny), 1887, oil on canvas, 50 x 66 cm, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), 에라니의 건초만들기(La Récolte des Foins, Eragny), 1887, oil on canvas, 50 x 66 cm, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
 
피사로는 화풍이 계속 바뀌었는데, 1887년 그린 에라니의 건초만들기(Haymaking, Eragny)는 쇠라의 점묘법 적인 특징이 보입니다.

일하는 사람들 보다는 전체적인 농촌의 풍경을 많이 담고 있습니다.

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Landscape at Eragny, 1890, watercolor, gouache and graphite on wove paper, h 21.5 x w 26 cm, Dallas Museum of Art

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Landscape at Eragny, 1890, watercolor, gouache and graphite on wove paper, h 21.5 x w 26 cm, Dallas Museum of Art

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Landscape at Eragny, 1890, watercolor, gouache and graphite on wove paper, h 21.5 x w 26 cm, Dallas Museum of Art

 

 

1890년 작품인 에라니의 풍경에서는 사람들은 없고, 교회와 농장만 보이는 고요한 마을을 담고 있습니다.

 

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Le Boulevard de Montmartre, Matinée de Printemps, 1897, oil on canvas, h 65 x w 81 cm, Courtauld Institute of Art, London, United Kingdom

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Le Boulevard de Montmartre, Matinée de Printemps, 1897, oil on canvas, h 65 x w 81 cm, Courtauld Institute of Art, London, United Kingdom

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Boulevard Montmartre, sunny afternoon, 1897, oil on canvas, h 74 x w 92.8 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Boulevard Montmartre, sunny afternoon, 1897, oil on canvas, h 74 x w 92.8 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Boulevard Montmartre, sunny afternoon, 1897, oil on canvas, h 74 x w 92.8 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Boulevard Montmartre, sunny afternoon, 1897, oil on canvas, h 74 x w 92.8 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 

 

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Hay Harvest at Éragny, 1901, oil on canvas, 53.9 x 64.7 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), Hay Harvest at Éragny, 1901, oil on canvas, 53.9 x 64.7 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa

1901년에 그린 에라니의 건초 수확(Hay Harvest at Éragny; Fenaison à Éragny)는 에라니에서 건초를 수확하는 사람들의 모습을 담고 있습니다. 1887년 그린 에라니의 건초만들기(Haymaking, Eragny)에서는 일하는 사람들을 그리면서도 전체적인 농촌의 풍경을 더 담으려고 했다면, 이 작품에서는 일을 하고 있는 인물들에 보다 초점을 맞추고 있습니다.